francais | Internal Links | Dofollow |
deutsch | Internal Links | Dofollow |
espanol | Internal Links | Dofollow |
www.Jasimuddin.org | Internal Links | Dofollow |
About 80% of the world's population lives in areas where the fresh water supply is not secure, according to a new global analysis (September, 2010). Bangladesh Only recently have scientists come to recognize that Bangladesh is positioned at the juncture of several active tectonic plate boundaries. Moreover, it sits atop the world’s largest river delta at close to sea level, facing both the risk posed by a quake and secondary risks of tsunamis and flooding in the quake’s aftermath. | Internal Links | Dofollow |
http://sos-arsenic.net/images/flood28-07.jpg | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Tragedy in the Himalays and Ganges-Brahmaputra Plain - Flood, drought, earthquake and cyclone | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Mitigation Update- the government has failed to manage properly | Internal Links | Dofollow |
all my pain | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Rabinranath Tagore | Internal Links | Dofollow |
having anything to eat | Internal Links | Dofollow |
WARN OF A GREAT HIMALAYAN QUAKE | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Bangladesh | Internal Links | Dofollow |
malaria | Internal Links | Dofollow |
dengu fever) | Internal Links | Dofollow |
fungal Infection from irri rice blinds eyes. | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Bangladesh villagers | Internal Links | Dofollow |
poor villagers | Internal Links | Dofollow |
arsenic mitigation programme | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Hoorens and Koender, Delft University, Netherlands, 1999) | Internal Links | Dofollow |
"Fertiliser, Pesticide, Seed, Water" | Internal Links | Dofollow |
by the North (Green Revolution) | Internal Links | Dofollow |
ground water | Internal Links | Dofollow |
The organizations responsible | Internal Links | Dofollow |
" arsenic and a very high amount of uranium" | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Low Cost Shallow well: vs Contaminated Deep Well | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Shallow arsenic free well drilled at Tambulkhana, Faridpur, | Internal Links | Dofollow |
"stratigraphic trap of arsenic free water" | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Final Project Report | Internal Links | Dofollow |
development partners | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Water of poison creeps in as silent killer | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Project Report 2003 | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Project Report 2004 | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Regain Traditional Wisdom. | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Cultural Heritage | Internal Links | Dofollow |
"Arsenic free water trap" at shallow depths | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Millions of poor earn their livelihood by rickshaw pulling and now their existence is threatened by ban. | Internal Links | Dofollow |
arsenic free aquifer. | Internal Links | Dofollow |
loaned to us by our children." | Internal Links | Dofollow |
River Plain faceing Arsenic Contamination | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Historically first Dug well in Noakahali District | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Liberal Sufism turned Begalis to change religion | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Lalon - Bauls Mysticism | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Air | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Water | Internal Links | Dofollow |
premature death in the city. | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Dahaka is now world's most polluted city | Internal Links | Dofollow |
http://www.sos-arsenic.net/english/intro/index.html | Internal Links | Dofollow |
http://sos-arsenic.net/lovingbengal/culture.html | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Heritage and Traditional Handycrafts | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Natural Indigo and the unfinish Fight for Freedom | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Bengali Cooking | Internal Links | Dofollow |
A near-famine situation the northern districts | Internal Links | Dofollow |
INDIA-BANGLADESH: | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Dams/Barrages Relation to | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic contamination | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Radioactive Mineral in Drinking Water of Bangladesh | Internal Links | Dofollow |
"Water for the Poorest" | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Report 2008- Are we loseing Ground- New | Internal Links | Dofollow |
TOXIC EFFECT OF ARSENIC | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic in Food Chain | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic Carcinogen | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Time for Action | Internal Links | Dofollow |
ARSENIC A NATURAL ORIGIN? | Internal Links | Dofollow |
ARSENIC REMOVAL PROGRAM | Internal Links | Dofollow |
50 million people are affected in Bangladesh
- Latest and more | Internal Links | Dofollow |
ARSENIC MITIGATION PROGRAM | Internal Links | Dofollow |
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM | Internal Links | Dofollow |
http://sos-arsenic.net/english/intro/puppet.html | Internal Links | Dofollow |
'WB linked with fundamentalism’ August 21, 2005 | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Destruction of Sustainable Ecosystem | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Natural forest: Threats from the | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Export of Hazardous Waste | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Deadly Cargo - Nov. 2002 | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Failure of Danish Aid | Internal Links | Dofollow |
An Incorrect Arsenic Map of Bangladesh | Internal Links | Dofollow |
KumarRiver - The River of sorrow | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Small is beautiful? | Internal Links | Dofollow |
ENVIRONMENT/ POLLUTION | Internal Links | Dofollow |
NEWS AND ARTICLES | Internal Links | Dofollow |
BOOKS - WATER- Jasimuddin | Internal Links | Dofollow |
CRITICAL REPORT | Internal Links | Dofollow |
WOMEN PROJECT | Internal Links | Dofollow |
PROJECT REPORT August 2003 | Internal Links | Dofollow |
OUR PROJECT REPORT June 2002 | Internal Links | Dofollow |
LATEST REPORT - | Internal Links | Dofollow |
HOW CAN I HELP THE PROJECT | Internal Links | Dofollow |
LINKS | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Travel Oppertunities to Project Cooperation | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Pat and Patua important audio-visual mediums
in educating the masses since immortal | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Migratory and other Birds
in Bangladesh in Danger. | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Distribution of clay pot filters | Internal Links | Dofollow |
poisonous water | Internal Links | Dofollow |
arsenic contamination and salinity in southern districts (March 24, 2005). | Internal Links | Dofollow |
A Women Center has been opened at Ambikapur, Faridpur on March 14. 2004 | Internal Links | Dofollow |
http://sos-arsenic.net/images/world-vis-06-02.jpg | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Priority of Our Project in Faridpur and other areas to help the neglected and the poor | Internal Links | Dofollow |
. Irrigation System in Bangladesh | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Destruction of Traditional Methods “river water in the early months of the flood is gold” of Agriculture | Internal Links | Dofollow |
Groundwater Contamination by Agriculture | Internal Links | Dofollow |
www.Jasimuddin.org | Internal Links | Dofollow |
A clean water solution for Bangladesh's arsenic poisoning crisis - BBC News | External Links | Dofollow |
PROJECT FILM | External Links | Dofollow |
Bangladesh Cyclone- English | External Links | Dofollow |
Cyclone Bangladesh - up date in bengali | External Links | Dofollow |
floods | External Links | Dofollow |
Millions of poor earn their livelihood by rickshaw pulling and now their existence is threatened by ban.
"I build a home for she/he
Who has broken mine."
Present day channel bar. Some ancient channel
bars show arsenic free aquifer.
Rainwater harvesting. Environment Conscious Education. "The earth was not given to us by our parents, it was loaned to us by our children."
Rice - IRRI High Yield Producing Countries
in River Plain faceing Arsenic Contamination and
Fungal Infection From Boro Paddy Blinds Eyes
Historically first Dug well in Noakahali District May, 2004.
People in Southern Bangladesh drinks or cooks organic and
inorganic polluted pond water. Now, dug well is a new alternative.
Tragedy in the Himalays and Ganges-Brahmaputra Plain -
Flood, drought, earthquake and cyclone
Listen human brother
There is no truth greater
Than man himself.
"Try to dissolve out of selfishness into a voice beyond those limits".
Today we are looking for a tolerant civil society in cities seminars and
workshops but these are rooted in:
Traditional Social Dynamics in Bangladesh
Liberal Sufism turned Begalis to change religion
and
Lalon - Bauls Mysticism
Jatra, the traditional open-air folk opera of Bangladesh
Field after field run along
Green winds sway tender paddy shoots
That spreads like open hair
In it butterflies ornamented with wings…
Mother earth smiles at her fertile pride.
In this harvest Asmanis (landless people) have no claim.
As worn out ribs hold together their stomachs
They burn with hunger.
Forest after forest run along
This fairyland of flowers and fruits….
In this forest Asmanis (landless people) have no claim.
They are hungry.
River after river run along
They flow through nameless wharfs…
In this river the Asmanis (landless people) have no claim.
Worn out ribs hold together their stomachs
They are empty.
(Source: Selected Poems of Jasim Uddin) Where lies this mystery of human soul?
Where from I came and where shall I go?
Lalon's answer:
How does the strange bird
flit in and out of the cage,
If I could catch the bird
I would put it under the fetters of my heart.
The cage has eight cells and nine doors.
With laten opening here and there,
Above is the main Hall with a mirror chamber
O my mind, you are enamoured of the cage....
Lalon - Bauls Mysticism Air and Water pollution is a major cause of respiratory and stomach ailments and premature death in the city. The poor, particularly children and women, suffer most from the accelerating urban and rural environmental degradation. Dahaka is now world's most polluted city and the poor is balmed The World Bank for Withdraw of Rickshaw.
|
Contents:
• INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF BENGAL • Rural Women's culture & Traditional Heritage • Traditional Social Dynamics in Bangladesh • Heritage and Traditional Handycrafts
• Natural Indigo and the unfinish Fight for Freedom
• Bengali Cooking • Tragedy in Himalayas -Ganges Plain:
Flood, Drought, Quake and Cyclone • A near-famine situation the northern districts
• INDIA-BANGLADESH:
21st Century Battle for
WATER SHARING - New • Dams/Barrages Relation to
Recent Arsenic Poisoning •GROUND WATER
• Arsenic contamination • Radioactive Mineral in Drinking Water of Bangladesh • Arsenic and Uranium in Fertilizer.
• "Water for the Poorest"
World Water Week
Report 2008- Are we loseing Ground- New
•TOXIC EFFECT OF ARSENIC • Arsenic in Food Chain • Arsenic Carcinogen • The poor suffers • Time for Action
• ARSENIC A NATURAL ORIGIN? • Source of Arsenic Poisoning- Anthropogenic- NEW • Rice - IRRI High Yield Producing Countries
in River Plain faceing Arsenic Contamination. • ARSENIC REMOVAL PROGRAM
• 50 million people are affected in Bangladesh
- Latest and more • ARSENIC MITIGATION PROGRAM • MITIGATION PROGRAM UPDATE- - NEW Edition • Mitigation Program 2003 • DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
• The World Bank for Withdraw of Rickshaw • 'WB linked with fundamentalism’ August 21, 2005 • Swedish (SIDA) and US Aid • Green Revolution • Destruction of Sustainable Ecosystem
for the finest kitchen of the Industrial Countries • Natural forest: Threats from the
World Bank, ADB, and IMF • Export of Hazardous Waste • Deadly Cargo - Nov. 2002 • Failure of Danish Aid • An Incorrect Arsenic Map of Bangladesh • KumarRiver - The River of sorrow • Small is beautiful?
• ENVIRONMENT/ POLLUTION
• HOME GARDEN • NEWS AND ARTICLES • BOOKS - WATER- Jasimuddin • CRITICAL REPORT Project Reports:
• AN EASY ALTERNATIVE FOR RURAL POOR
- IN FARIDPUR and COMPANIGANJ, Kabirhat
NOAKHALI DISTRICTS, 2004-2010* NEW
• WOMEN PROJECT • PROJECT REPORT August 2003 • OUR PROJECT REPORT June 2002 • FINAL PROJECT REPORT (Educational) - 2002 • LATEST REPORT - • HOW CAN I HELP THE PROJECT • LINKS
• CONTACT
Travel Oppertunities to Project Cooperation info [a-t] sos-arsenic.net
CARDMA
(Coastal Area Resource
Development and
Management Association),
Member Organisation of
IUCN, World Union of
Conservation
tagore-einstein
Tagore Einstein Council,
Vishva Bharati University,
Santiniketan, W. Bengal, India. "Our world faces a crisis as yet unpreceived by
those possesing power to make great decisions
for good or evil..... a new type of thinking is
essential if mankind is to survive."
Einstein on Peace Pat and Patua important audio-visual mediums
in educating the masses since immortal
Indian Subcontinent
The Bangal Basin
Migratory and other Birds
in Bangladesh in Danger.
Distribution of clay pot filters
(made by the village potters) to
arsenic patients.
Since July 2003 we have started
women project at Betbaria, Ambikapur and Kazurdia, Faridpur
We have identified (July 2003) a channel sand
facies at Kazuri, Alipur (Ambikapur) in
Faridpur. At Kuzurdia, Bedbaria and Kasnail
most of the wells are arsenic contaminated
but an ancient (about one thousand year old)
mid channel sand show arsenic free aquifer.
We have made Kuzurdia village arsenic
free.It is strongly recommended to look for
arsenic free aquifers. A sound knowledge
on underground geology, hydrology allows to
identify arsenic free aquifer at shallow depths.
This is a very cheap and highly acceptable
alternative. The absence of a distributed
water supply in the rural parts of Bangladesh
also significantly hinders all technological solutions
to the problem.
But the Government or NGOs does not have
any program.They drilled many expensive
deep wells according to the recommendation by
the British Geological Survey ("Available data shows
that aquifers deeper than 150 - 200 m are essentially
arsenic-free over much of Bangladesh" BGS, 2001)
that pour poisonous water
in Faridpur, Pabna, Khustia, Rajshahi districts. Green Revolution: Destruction of Biodiversity and Environment
MITIGATION UPDATE and LATEST REPORT.
A dug well was constructed by NGO Forum
in a place where As-concentration in tubewell water
is below standard.
Safe water is becoming scarce day by day due arsenic contamination and salinity in southern districts (March 24, 2005).
Irrigation with arsenic contaminated
deep well water (Comilla), contaminates
food chain .
surface water (arsenic free) irrigation?
South Asia's ship graveyard at Chittagong, where
highly toxic waste is imported, thus
poor countries
become the toxic waste handlers for the rich.
A Women Center has been opened at Ambikapur, Faridpur on March 14. 2004.
Our films, books, lectures and endless symposia are useful to a degree, but ultimately they miss the boat. They come from the city, and rarely filter down to the villages in crisis.
What we need to see happening is a reversal -
an ecological sensibility that starts at the village level" rel="nofollow">"We cook on one bank,
We eat at another
We have no homes,
The whole world is our home,
All men are our brothers
We look for them
In every door….."
(Music and Lyric Jasim Uddin
Millions of poor earn their livelihood by rickshaw pulling and now their existence is threatened by ban.
"I build a home for she/he
Who has broken mine."
Present day channel bar. Some ancient channel
bars show arsenic free aquifer.
Rainwater harvesting. Environment Conscious Education. "The earth was not given to us by our parents, it was loaned to us by our children."
Rice - IRRI High Yield Producing Countries
in River Plain faceing Arsenic Contamination and
Fungal Infection From Boro Paddy Blinds Eyes
Historically first Dug well in Noakahali District May, 2004.
People in Southern Bangladesh drinks or cooks organic and
inorganic polluted pond water. Now, dug well is a new alternative.
Tragedy in the Himalays and Ganges-Brahmaputra Plain -
Flood, drought, earthquake and cyclone
Listen human brother
There is no truth greater
Than man himself.
"Try to dissolve out of selfishness into a voice beyond those limits".
Today we are looking for a tolerant civil society in cities seminars and
workshops but these are rooted in:
Traditional Social Dynamics in Bangladesh
Liberal Sufism turned Begalis to change religion
and
Lalon - Bauls Mysticism
Jatra, the traditional open-air folk opera of Bangladesh
Field after field run along
Green winds sway tender paddy shoots
That spreads like open hair
In it butterflies ornamented with wings…
Mother earth smiles at her fertile pride.
In this harvest Asmanis (landless people) have no claim.
As worn out ribs hold together their stomachs
They burn with hunger.
Forest after forest run along
This fairyland of flowers and fruits….
In this forest Asmanis (landless people) have no claim.
They are hungry.
River after river run along
They flow through nameless wharfs…
In this river the Asmanis (landless people) have no claim.
Worn out ribs hold together their stomachs
They are empty.
(Source: Selected Poems of Jasim Uddin) Where lies this mystery of human soul?
Where from I came and where shall I go?
Lalon's answer:
How does the strange bird
flit in and out of the cage,
If I could catch the bird
I would put it under the fetters of my heart.
The cage has eight cells and nine doors.
With laten opening here and there,
Above is the main Hall with a mirror chamber
O my mind, you are enamoured of the cage....
Lalon - Bauls Mysticism Air and Water pollution is a major cause of respiratory and stomach ailments and premature death in the city. The poor, particularly children and women, suffer most from the accelerating urban and rural environmental degradation. Dahaka is now world's most polluted city and the poor is balmed The World Bank for Withdraw of Rickshaw.
Contents:
• INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF BENGAL • Rural Women's culture & Traditional Heritage • Traditional Social Dynamics in Bangladesh • Heritage and Traditional Handycrafts
• Natural Indigo and the unfinish Fight for Freedom
• Bengali Cooking • Tragedy in Himalayas -Ganges Plain:
Flood, Drought, Quake and Cyclone • A near-famine situation the northern districts
• INDIA-BANGLADESH:
21st Century Battle for
WATER SHARING - New • Dams/Barrages Relation to
Recent Arsenic Poisoning •GROUND WATER
• Arsenic contamination • Radioactive Mineral in Drinking Water of Bangladesh • Arsenic and Uranium in Fertilizer.
• "Water for the Poorest"
World Water Week
Report 2008- Are we loseing Ground- New
•TOXIC EFFECT OF ARSENIC • Arsenic in Food Chain • Arsenic Carcinogen • The poor suffers • Time for Action
• ARSENIC A NATURAL ORIGIN? • Source of Arsenic Poisoning- Anthropogenic- NEW • Rice - IRRI High Yield Producing Countries
in River Plain faceing Arsenic Contamination. • ARSENIC REMOVAL PROGRAM
• 50 million people are affected in Bangladesh
- Latest and more • ARSENIC MITIGATION PROGRAM • MITIGATION PROGRAM UPDATE- - NEW Edition • Mitigation Program 2003 • DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
• The World Bank for Withdraw of Rickshaw • 'WB linked with fundamentalism’ August 21, 2005 • Swedish (SIDA) and US Aid • Green Revolution • Destruction of Sustainable Ecosystem
for the finest kitchen of the Industrial Countries • Natural forest: Threats from the
World Bank, ADB, and IMF • Export of Hazardous Waste • Deadly Cargo - Nov. 2002 • Failure of Danish Aid • An Incorrect Arsenic Map of Bangladesh • KumarRiver - The River of sorrow • Small is beautiful?
• ENVIRONMENT/ POLLUTION
• HOME GARDEN • NEWS AND ARTICLES • BOOKS - WATER- Jasimuddin • CRITICAL REPORT Project Reports:
• AN EASY ALTERNATIVE FOR RURAL POOR
- IN FARIDPUR and COMPANIGANJ, Kabirhat
NOAKHALI DISTRICTS, 2004-2010* NEW
• WOMEN PROJECT • PROJECT REPORT August 2003 • OUR PROJECT REPORT June 2002 • FINAL PROJECT REPORT (Educational) - 2002 • LATEST REPORT - • HOW CAN I HELP THE PROJECT • LINKS
• CONTACT
Travel Oppertunities to Project Cooperation info [a-t] sos-arsenic.net
CARDMA
(Coastal Area Resource
Development and
Management Association),
Member Organisation of
IUCN, World Union of
Conservation
tagore-einstein
Tagore Einstein Council,
Vishva Bharati University,
Santiniketan, W. Bengal, India. "Our world faces a crisis as yet unpreceived by
those possesing power to make great decisions
for good or evil..... a new type of thinking is
essential if mankind is to survive."
Einstein on Peace Pat and Patua important audio-visual mediums
in educating the masses since immortal
Indian Subcontinent
The Bangal Basin
Migratory and other Birds
in Bangladesh in Danger.
Distribution of clay pot filters
(made by the village potters) to
arsenic patients.
Since July 2003 we have started
women project at Betbaria, Ambikapur and Kazurdia, Faridpur
We have identified (July 2003) a channel sand
facies at Kazuri, Alipur (Ambikapur) in
Faridpur. At Kuzurdia, Bedbaria and Kasnail
most of the wells are arsenic contaminated
but an ancient (about one thousand year old)
mid channel sand show arsenic free aquifer.
We have made Kuzurdia village arsenic
free.It is strongly recommended to look for
arsenic free aquifers. A sound knowledge
on underground geology, hydrology allows to
identify arsenic free aquifer at shallow depths.
This is a very cheap and highly acceptable
alternative. The absence of a distributed
water supply in the rural parts of Bangladesh
also significantly hinders all technological solutions
to the problem.
But the Government or NGOs does not have
any program.They drilled many expensive
deep wells according to the recommendation by
the British Geological Survey ("Available data shows
that aquifers deeper than 150 - 200 m are essentially
arsenic-free over much of Bangladesh" BGS, 2001)
that pour poisonous water
in Faridpur, Pabna, Khustia, Rajshahi districts. Green Revolution: Destruction of Biodiversity and Environment
MITIGATION UPDATE and LATEST REPORT.
A dug well was constructed by NGO Forum
in a place where As-concentration in tubewell water
is below standard.
Safe water is becoming scarce day by day due arsenic contamination and salinity in southern districts (March 24, 2005).
Irrigation with arsenic contaminated
deep well water (Comilla), contaminates
food chain .
surface water (arsenic free) irrigation?
South Asia's ship graveyard at Chittagong, where
highly toxic waste is imported, thus
poor countries
become the toxic waste handlers for the rich.
A Women Center has been opened at Ambikapur, Faridpur on March 14. 2004.
Our films, books, lectures and endless symposia are useful to a degree, but ultimately they miss the boat. They come from the city, and rarely filter down to the villages in crisis.
What we need to see happening is a reversal -
an ecological sensibility that starts at the village levelExternal Links | Dofollow | Jasim Uddin | External Links | Dofollow |
tagore-einstein | External Links | Dofollow |
Daily Ittefaque on NGOs depriving the poor in the name of Arsenic mitigation -March 8, 2009 (in Begali) | External Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic accumulation from rice and meat -in Bengali, Daily Ittefaque, May 16, 2009 | External Links | Dofollow |
Kuzurdia--an arsenic-free village | External Links | Dofollow |
SONOFILTER | External Links | Dofollow |
Prothom Alo | External Links | Dofollow |
SONG OF BANGLADESH - Joan Baez | External Links | Dofollow |
pictures of bangladesh | External Links | Dofollow |
George Harrison - Bangladesh | External Links | Dofollow |
Lady GaGa vs Arsenium (From O-Zone) - Rumadai Dance - Hot Dance Track | External Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic: The Largest Mass Poisoning in History | External Links | Dofollow |
Ami banglar gaan gai | External Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic scare hits Argentines | External Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic, a hidden killer - Equity Weekly, Main Part1 Show # 77 | External Links | Dofollow |
Poison Water - Bangladesh | External Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic Poisoning in Bangladesh | External Links | Dofollow |
Bangladesh Water | External Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic song Momtaj | External Links | Dofollow |
ARSENIC in Pakistan | External Links | Dofollow |
What Happens when Arsenic Enters in Human Body | External Links | Dofollow |
UNICEF: Myanmar water threatened by arsenic contamination | External Links | Dofollow |
Arsenic scare hits Argentines | External Links | Dofollow |
Our School Project for the Poor at Ambikapur, Faridpur, Bangladesh | External Links | Dofollow |
Social
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Cost and overhead previously rendered this semi-public form of communication unfeasible.
But advances in social networking technology from 2004-2010 has made broader concepts of sharing possible.